Mario Benedetti

Mario Benedetti – Biografía

 

Nació el 14 de setiembre de 1920 en Paso de los Toros, Uruguay, donde sus padres Brenno Benedetti (químico farmacéutico y enólogo) y Matilde Farrugia se conocieron y se casaron. En 1922 se trasladaron a Tacuarembó, capital del departamento, y poco después a Montevideo, donde en 1928 nació Raúl, el hermano menor, enólogo en su juventud, que años más tarde habría de destacarse en el dibujo comercial y en la pintura. Mario ingresó en el Deutsche Schule de Montevideo, donde completó los seis años de Enseñanza Primaria y aprendió alemán, lo que le sirvió posteriormente para ser el primer traductor de Kafka en Uruguay. Cuando en esas aulas se hizo presente el nazismo, fue inmediatamente retirado por don Brenno.

Durante dos años fue alumno del liceo Miranda, pero el resto de Secundaria lo cumplió como estudiante libre. En esos mismos años aprendió taquigrafía, que durante largo tiempo fue su medio de vida. A los 14 años empezó a trabajar, primero como taquígrafo, luego como vendedor, funcionario público, contable, periodista, locutor de radio, traductor. Se formó como periodista junto a Carlos Quijano, en el semanario Marcha. En 1946 se casó con Luz López Alegre, que falleció en abril de 2006. Durante quince años integró el personal de una importante inmobiliaria, llegando a desempeñar el cargo de Gerente General. En 1948 funda y dirige la revista Marginalia y luego integra la redacción del semanario Marcha, en el que llegó a dirigir la sección literaria. Como periodista trabajó en El Diario, La Mañana (donde codirigió con Álvarez Olloniego la página literaria “Al pie de las letras”) y La Tribuna Popular, donde comenzó a hacer crítica cinematográfica y teatral. Integró además el staff del Semanario Brecha, y colaboró con El País de Madrid, la revista Punto Final de Santiago de Chile, la revista Crisis de Buenos Aires, entre otras.

Formó parte del grupo de la Revista Número de Montevideo junto a Idea Vilariño, Carlos Martínez Moreno, Emir Rodríguez Monegal, Sarandy Cabrera y Manuel Antonio Claps.

Desde 1968 a 1971 dirigió el Centro de Investigaciones Literarias, de la Casa de las Américas, en La Habana, y además integró el Consejo de Dirección de esa misma Institución. De 1971 a 1973 dirigió el Departamento de Literatura Hispanoamericana, en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de Montevideo. En 1973 a raíz del golpe militar renunció a este último cargo y debió abandonar el país por razones políticas. Etapas de sus doce años de exilio fueron Argentina, Perú, Cuba y España. A partir de 1985, con el restablecimiento de la democracia en su país residió una parte del año en Montevideo y otra en Madrid.

Ha publicado más de 80 libros con más de 1200 ediciones y ha sido traducido a más de 25 lenguas. Su obra aborda diversos géneros: poesía, cuento, novela, ensayo y crítica literaria. Como humorista publicó numerosas crónicas bajo el seudónimo Damocles, primero en Marcha y luego en la revista Peloduro. Ha escrito además numerosas letras de canciones, reunidas en el volumen Canciones del Más Acá (1988) e incorporadas al repertorio de más de cuarenta cantantes, entre los que figuran Joan Manuel Serrat, Nacha Guevara, Los Olimareños, Daniel Viglietti, Alfredo Zitarrosa, Pablo Milanés, Soledad Bravo, Amparo Ochoa, Laura Canoura, Rosa León, los Gambino, Eduardo Darnauchans, Adriana Varela, Numa Moraes, Tania Libertad, Marilina Ross, etc. El recital A dos voces, de canto (Daniel Viglietti) y poesía (Mario Benedetti) ha sido presentado en veinte ciudades de América Latina y Europa.

Ha integrado jurados de cine en los festivales internacionales de La Habana, San Sebastián y Valladolid, y de literatura en Uruguay, Argentina, Cuba, México, Ecuador, Panamá y España.

El Consejo de Estado de Cuba le otorgó en 1982 la Orden Félix Varela y en 1989 la medalla Haydée Santamaría. En 1987, Amnistía Internacional confirió en Bruselas el Premio Llama de Oro a su novela Primavera con una esquina rota, y en 1995 le fue otorgada en Chile la medalla Gabriela Mistral, así como en 2005 la medalla Pablo Neruda. En 1996 obtuvo en Uruguay el Premio Especial Bartolomé Hidalgo a su obra ensayística. En 1993 la Universidad de Buenos Aires lo designó Profesor Honorario, y en 1996 en Uruguay le fue otorgado el título de Profesor Emérito en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias. En 1997 fue nombrado Doctor Honoris Causa por las Universidades de Alicante, Valladolid y La Habana, y en el 2004 recibió igual distinción de la Universidad de la República en Montevideo. En 1999 le fue otorgado en España el VIII Premio Reina Sofía de Poesía Iberoamericana. En el mismo año, en Uruguay, el Ministerio de Educación y Cultura le otorgó (conjuntamente con el narrador Julio da Rosa) el Gran Premio Nacional a la Actividad Intelectual. En 1999 la Cámara de Representantes de Colombia le otorgó la Orden de la Democracia en el grado Gran Cruz. En el año 2005 le fue otorgado en Santander, España, el Premio Internacional Menéndez Pelayo. Recibió el Premio Alba en la categoría Letras y la Orden Francisco de Miranda Primera Clase por parte del Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela en 2007, y en 2008 el Doctorado Honoris Causa de la Universidad de Córdoba, Argentina.

Algunas veces en compañía de su mujer y en otras ocasiones en forma individual emprendió numerosos viajes, que incluyen países como España, Francia, Alemania, Suiza, Dinamarca, Noruega, Suecia, Bélgica, Gran Bretaña, Austria, Finlandia, Italia, Grecia, Portugal, Unión Soviética, Bulgaria, Egipto, Estados Unidos, Argentina, Cuba, México, Nicaragua, Brasil, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Perú, Panamá y Costa Rica.

Falleció el 17 de mayo de 2009 en su casa de Montevideo.

 

 

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